Haloalkanes and Haloarenes name reactions

Name reactions

Finkelstein reaction

$\displaystyle \text{R-X} + \text{NaI} \xrightarrow{\text{dry acetone}} \text{R-I} + \text{NaX}$

X is Cl or Br.

Swarts reaction

$\displaystyle \text{R-X} + \text{AgF} \rightarrow \text{R-F} + \text{AgX}$

Wurtz reaction

$\displaystyle 2\text{R-X} + 2\text{Na} \xrightarrow{\text{dry ether}} \text{R-R} + 2\text{NaX}$

Wurtz-Fittig reaction

$\displaystyle \text{Ar-X} + \text{R-X} + 2\text{Na} \xrightarrow{\text{dry ether}} \text{Ar-R} + 2\text{NaX}$

Fittig reaction

$\displaystyle 2\text{Ar-X} + 2\text{Na} \xrightarrow{\text{dry ether}} \text{Ar-Ar} + 2\text{NaX}$

Sandmeyer reaction

$\displaystyle \text{Ar-N}_2^+\text{X}^- \xrightarrow{\text{CuCl/HCl or CuBr/HBr}} \text{Ar-X} + \text{N}_2$

Friedel-Crafts alkylation

$\displaystyle \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{Cl} + \text{CH}_3\text{Cl} \xrightarrow{\text{anhyd. AlCl}_3} \text{chlorotoluene (o, p)}$

SN1 and SN2

• SN2 happens in one step, with inversion of configuration. Its reactivity order is 1° > 2° > 3°.
• SN1 happens in two steps through a carbocation, and gives racemisation. Its reactivity order is 3° > 2° > 1°.
• Haloarenes resist nucleophilic substitution because the C-X bond has partial double-bond character.
• Halogens on a benzene ring deactivate it but direct to the ortho and para positions.