01Class 12 Chemistry

Solutions formulas

Concentration terms, Raoult's law and colligative property formulas for Solutions. Remember the van't Hoff factor whenever a solute dissociates.

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Concentration

Henry's law: $\displaystyle p = K_Hx$
Raoult's law: $\displaystyle p_A = p_A^\circ x_A$
Total vapour pressure: $\displaystyle p_{\text{total}} = p_A^\circ x_A + p_B^\circ x_B$

Relative lowering of vapour pressure: $\displaystyle \frac{p^\circ - p}{p^\circ} = x_{\text{solute}}$
Elevation of boiling point: $\displaystyle \Delta T_b = iK_bm$
Depression of freezing point: $\displaystyle \Delta T_f = iK_fm$
Osmotic pressure: $\displaystyle \pi = iCRT$
van't Hoff factor: $\displaystyle i = \frac{\text{observed colligative property}}{\text{calculated colligative property}}$
Degree of dissociation: $\displaystyle \alpha = \frac{i - 1}{n - 1}$
n is the number of ions formed.

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